Antique 4x5 camera creates 20 micron photolithography masks: Super tiny tax form

There is a great video on creating lithographic masks on Ben Krasnow's Applied Science channel - ▶ this video The photographic steps are pretty accessible.

in “Z2 – Lithographically fabricated IC in a garage fab” · View on HN

Wow, essentially an extraordinarily large view camera built around a repurposed lens, then converted into a depth-of-field adapter[0] in lieu of a digital back. There's actually a known technique for taking wide angle photographs with depth of field this shallow using only a typical long lens:[1] stitching together frames to build a wider field of view is all that's needed; long lenses all have shallow DoF by nature.[a] This interestingly can also be used to explain why the episcope lens has such shallow DoF: its focal length of 432 mm would make it a super telephoto lens, yet its large image circle means it has a wide-angle field of view. If it were replaced by a telephoto lens with the same focal length and aperture but a smaller image circle, and that lens were swung around in a spiral to 'paint' the same area as the episcope lens image circle, the two lenses would produce the same result, only the episcope lens can do it all at once instead of needing multiple exposures. [0] [link] [1] [link] -- [a] Annoyingly, I still don't know a satisfying explanation of why depth of field depends on subject/background distances, aperture, focal length, etc. The formulas exist, but every attempt at intuitive explanation I've seen has been incomplete or incorrect. Here's some videos to show those who say that longer lenses have shallower DoF solely because reframing by standing farther away from the subject causes the background and its blur to become relatively larger: [link] [link] (O

in “Building a Next Level Camera” · View on HN

I recall this but don't remember seeing anything smaller being posted. Sub 100nm for a hobbiest would be pretty awesome. ▶ this video

in “TSMC to Mass Produce Breakthrough 2nm Mbcfet Transistors in 2024” · View on HN

Oops, second vid should be from Ben Krasnow’s (bkraz) Applied Science channel: ▶ this video Ben explains somewhere in there that this was done to help create a better substrate for the first experiment.

in “A startup is building computer chips using real neurons” · View on HN