The Uncracked Problem with 33 - Numberphile on HackerTube: recommended by 1 Hacker News commenter across 1 month, 2019–2023.
explainer · dated
Numberphile with Tim Browning on the sum-of-three-cubes problem and why 33 was the lowest unsolved case. The description notes a later solution for 33.
Linked in threads on sums of cubes and Diophantine equations as an accessible introduction.
“Or watch videos about it”
3 Hacker News comments link this video. Each one links back to its thread.
It's an open question that has been studied for thousands of years. This type of equation (a polynomial with integer coefficients) is called a Diophantine equation; you can look it up on Wikipedia. Or watch videos about it: ▶ this video
in “Ask HN: Fermat's Last Theorem with More Terms: Why Does It Stop at 3?” · View on HN
I only recently heard what I think is a pretty solid answer to this question [1] that put it this way: We've pretty much got addition nailed down. We're pretty solid on multiplication. However, we are surprisingly weak mathematically when we try to put the two together; you can write down some extremely small math statements that baffled mathematicians for centuries, and for such statements that we have solutions for, they often get into very, very complicated math. So you have things like Fermat's Last Theorum, or if you prefer, the Question: For a^n + b^n = c^n, are there any solutions with n > 2 for integers? Note how it's just multiplication and addition on the integers. There are simpler questions, but they don't get much simpler. There's no real analysis, transcendental numbers, imaginaries or higher-dimensional numbers, infinities, and so on, at least not in the question itself; it's literally so simple you can reasonably explain it to a middle schooler. It took mathematicians centuries, and the simplest version of the current proof is still PhD-level work to understand. (I suspect even a Master's student in math would have to carefully craft their entire post-doc education for the purpose of understanding this exact proof to be able to say they fully understood it, with no lemmas taken on faith, and I'm still not sure they could make it without a lot of independent study.) You have things like "Can all of the numbers of a certain form be created via 'a^3 + b^3 + c^3'?
in “42 is found to be the sum of three cubes” · View on HN
Numberphile video on the topic with Andrew Booker: [link] which is a followup from the 2015 episode ▶ this video when the 33 problem was unsolved. The announcement elicited this Mathoverflow discussion about "mic drop" moments in mathematics: [link]
in “Sum-of-Three-Cubes Problem Solved for ‘Stubborn’ Number 33” · View on HN